Posts Tagged: anthropology


13
Apr 08

Nokia Design in the NYT

Nothing new content-wise, but it’s notable that Jan Chipchase has hit the New York Times Magazine.

“This is when I voiced a careless thought about whether there might be something negative about the lightning spread of technology, whether its convenience was somehow supplanting traditional values or practices. Chipchase raised his eyebrows and laid down his spoon. He sighed, making it clear that responding to me was going to require patience. “People can think, yeah, monks with cellphones, and tsk, tsk, and what is the world coming to?” he said. “But if you wanted to take phones away from anybody in this world who has them, they’d probably say: ‘You’re going to have to fight me for it. Are you going to take my sewer and water away too?’ And maybe you can’t put communication on the same level as running water, but some people would. And I think in some contexts, it’s quite viable as a fundamental right.” He paused a beat to let this sink in, then added, with just a touch of edge, “People once believed that people in other cultures might not benefit from having books either.””

Link: Can the Cellphone Help End Global Poverty? (nytimes.com)


20
Apr 07

Looking into people’s pockets

Based on an earlier study of phone carrying habits, Jan Chipchase has published a broader study (covering more countries) of the things people carry with them.

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“The use of wallets and purses to cluster, contain and protect the things we carry varied considerably ranging from 98% in Tokyo, 54% in Beijing to 35% in Ji Lin. The main reason for not carrying a purse/wallet was that it presented an easy target for theft. In addition a wallet/purse is only (functionally) needed when there are enough objects e.g. credit & debit cards, ‘loyalty’ cards, id cards, to cluster in it as a container. Currently for many of the world’s poorer city dwellers a purse/wallet is simply not needed not because of lack of money, but simply because the common wallet form factor assumes a use of credit card sized objects, and these are simply not in everyday use.”

Link: Where’s The Phone (janchipchase.com)


19
Mar 07

Mobile culture in the Asia Pacific

The Australian Media/Culture Journal has an omnibus issue dedicated the use of mobile technology in the Asia Pacific region. Lots and lots of very interesting stuff. Here’s an excerpt from the editorial summary of all the articles:

“The first four papers by Jaz Hee-jeong Choi, Gerard Raiti, Yasmin Ibrahim, and Collette Snowden & Kerry Green highlight some of the key concepts and phenomena associated with mobile media in the region. Choi’s paper provides a wonderful introduction to the culture of mobile technologies in East Asia, focusing largely on South Korea, China and Japan. She problematises the rhetoric surrounding technological fetishism and techno-orientalism in definitions of ‘mobile’ and ‘digital’ East Asia and raises important questions regarding the transformation and future of East Asia’s mobile cultures.

“Gerard Raiti examines the behemoth of globalization from the point of view of personal intimacy. He asks us to reconsider notions of intimacy in a period marked by co-presence; particularly in light of the problematic conflation between love and technological intimacy.

“Yasmin Ibrahim considers the way the body is increasingly implicated through the personalisation of mobile technologies and becomes a collaborator in the creation of media events. Ibrahim argues that what she calls the ‘personal gaze’ of the consumer is contributing to the visual narratives of global and local events. What we have is a figure of the mediated mobile body that participates in the political economy of events construction.

“The paradoxical role of mobile technologies as both pushing and pulling us, helping and hindering us (Arnold) is taken up in Collette Snowden and Kerry Green’s paper on the role of media reporting, mobility and trauma. Extending some of Ibrahim’s comments in the specific case of the reporting of traumatic events, Snowden and Green provide a wonderful companion piece about how media reporting is being transformed by contemporary mobile practices. As an integral component of contemporary visual cultures, camera phone practices are arguably both extending and creating emerging ways of seeing and representing.

“In the second section, we begin our case studies exploring the socio-cultural particularities of various adaptations of mobile media within specific locations in the Asia-Pacific. Randy Jay C. Solis elaborates on Gerard Raiti’s discussion of intimacy and love by exploring how the practice of ‘texting’ has contributed to the development of romantic relationships in the Philippines in terms of its convenience and affordability. Lee Humphreys and Thomas Barker further extend this discussion by investigating the way Indonesians use the mobile phone for dating and sex. As in Solis’s article, the authors view the mobile phone as a tool of communication, identity management and social networking that mediates new forms of love, sex and romance in Indonesia, particularly through mobile dating software and mobile pornography.

“Li Li’s paper takes the playful obsession the Chinese and South Koreans have with lucky numbers and locates its socio-cultural roots. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, the author traces this use of lucky mobile numbers to the rise of consumerism in China and views this so-called ‘superstition’ in terms of the entry into modernity for both China and South Korea.

“Chih-Hui Lai’s paper explores the rise of Web 2.0. in Taiwan, which, in comparison to other locations in the region, is still relatively under-documented in terms of its usage of mobile media. Here Lai addresses this gap by exploring the burgeoning role of mobile media to access and engage with online communities through the case study of EzMoBo.

“In the final section we problematise Australia’s place in the Asia-Pacific and, in particular, the nation’s politically and culturally uncomfortable relationship with Asia. Described as ‘west in Asia’ by Rao, and as ‘South’ of the West by Gibson, Yue, and Hawkins, Australia’s uneasy relationship with Asia deserves its own location. We begin this section with a paper by Mariann Hardey that presents a case study of Australian university students and their relationship to, and with, the mobile phone, providing original empirical work on the country’s ‘iGeneration’.

“Next Linda Leung’s critique of mobile telephony in the context of immigration detention centres engages with the political dimensions of technology and difference between connection and contact. Here we reminded of the luxury of mobile technologies that are the so-called necessity of contemporary everyday life. We are also reminded of the ‘cost’ of different forms of mobility and immobility – technological, geographic, physical and socio-cultural. Leung’s discussion of displacement and mobility amongst refugees calls upon us to reconsider some of the conflations occurring around mobile telephony and new media outside the comfort of everyday urbanity.

“The final paper, by Peter B. White and Naomi Rosh White, addresses the urban and rural divide so pointed in Australia (with 80% of the population living in urban areas) by discussing an older, though still relevant mobile technology, the CB radio. This paper reminds us that despite the technological fetishism of urban Australia, once outside of urban contexts, we are made acutely aware of Australia as a land containing a plethora of black spots (in which mobile phones are out of range).”

Link: Media/Culture Journal (media-culture.org.au)


14
Mar 07

Designing for communities on the move

Jeff Axup’s doctoral thesis explores design for communities on the move.

“Society is increasingly on the move, mobile devices are commonly being used to coordinate group actions, and group communication features are rapidly being added to existing technologies. Despite this, little is known about how mobile groups act, or how communications technologies should be designed to augment existing behaviour…Methods demonstrated in this research include: field trips for exploring mobile group behaviour and device usage, a social pairing exercise to explore social networks, contextual postcards to gain distributed feedback, and blog analysis which provides post-hoc diary data…Design related outcomes include: 57 mobile tourism product ideas, a format for conveying product concepts, and a design for a wearable device to assist mobile researchers.”

Link: Methods of Understanding and Designing For Mobile Communities (userdesign.com)


6
Jan 07

Designing mobile web browsers

An academic thesis presenting research on the design of web browsers for mobile devices.

“Technically, it has been possible to access the Internet on a mobile phone for several years already, but the mobile browsing experience has often been cumbersome for ordinary people. Understanding the user needs in different use contexts is the key to improving the user experience and thereby popularizing device independent access to Internet.

“In her dissertation research, Virpi Roto has interviewed users of mobile browsers in several countries, and identified characteristics that help improve the mobile browsing user experience if taken into consideration. In addition to user and use context, all the system components should be taken into account: device, browser, network infrastructure, and web site. A partial outcome of the research is a visualization method called Minimap, which has gathered publicity as the first practical way to view Web pages on a mobile phone. The method has been used in Nokia S60 phones since 2006.”

Link: Web Browsing on Mobile Phones – Characteristics of User Experience (research.nokia.com)


21
Dec 06

Nokia research on ‘shared use’ phones

Jan Chipchase and Indri Tulusan have just published an ethnographic report on shared phone use, based on research primarily carried out in Uganda.

“The research team identified 6 shared use practices: an informal service called Sente that essentially enables a mobile phone owner to function as an ATM machine; mediated communication that neatly side-steps issues of technological and textual literacy; the ever popular practice of making missed calls; the pooling of resources to buy the lowest denominations of pre-paid airtime and extend the access days for the phone that is topped up; the use of community address books to reduce errors and (supposedly) encourage phone kiosk customer loyalty; and finally Step Messaging – the delivery of text and spoken messages on foot.”

Link: Shared Phone Practices (janchipchase.com)


14
Dec 06

Culturally sensitive design

BusinessWeek has just published a couple of interesting articles about designing across cultures. The first one looks at the challenges bringing OXO products to Japan, the second at design in India. I’ve discussed culturally sensitive design with several people over the last few years, and I feel these design challenges require an interesting balance of attention to the ideas that: “everyone’s the same” (usability, for example, is a fairly universal attribute) and “pay attention to the social cultural details” (understand how your design fits into people’s lives).

“”Most Westerners hold a spatula like a tennis racket when they stir, flip, or cook,” says Lee. “But the Japanese women we observed cooking all held it like a pen. Clearly the design of the tool had to be entirely rethought.” A set of six adjusted nylon server designs was released for the Japanese market only, along with precision tongs and angled measuring cups. Lee declines to share sales figures but says that the redesigns have “paid off nicely.”

Link: OXO, Remade in Japan (businessweek.com)

”...The glitzy façade did attract locals. But they were not comfortable in the bank’s space. The sari-clad women and their turbaned husbands who were at the bank were completely out of sync with the modern setting. While the women, with their heads covered, sat on the floor as a traditional mark of respect for their menfolk, the men—accustomed to squatting on the floor—curled up their feet on the sofa.”

Link: Designing for India’s Consumers (businessweek.com)


24
Nov 06

Nokia Mobile TV research report

Some very interesting insights about Mobile TV from recent Nokia research.

“Interactive experiences require interaction. The inherent properties of a TV equipped mobile phone in particular its connectivity, camera & video capabilities and the user’s familiarity with the keypad mean that the pieces are in place for a compelling designed-for-mobile-interactive-television experience. However it is wrong to assume that the user will always be holding the device that he or she will be holding the device in a manner that is condusive to interaction, or indeed that she is in a state of mind to interact. Simple question: Which is more likely to lead to interaction – a person ambiently watching a Mobile TV in a docking station whilst doing homework, or a person sitting on a sofa remote in hand?”

Link: Mobile TV, Personal Experiences (janchipchase.com)